Earth Modelling

TBD

Longitude Definitions

TBD

Geocentric Coordinates of a Point

TBD

Geodetic Coordinates of a Point

TBD

Radii of Curvature

TBD

Trigonometric Relationships for the Spheroid

TBD

Cartesian/Polar Coordinate Conversions

TBD

The dry air adiabatic lapse rate (DALR) is 3 °C per 1000 ft (304.8 m), or 1 °C per 100 m. The saturated-air adiabatic lapse rate (SALR) is 1.5 °C per 1000 ft or 0.5 °C per 100 m. Therefore, \(\lambda_\mathrm{SALR} = \frac{1}{2} \lambda_\mathrm{DALR}\).

The rate of change of temperature with height \(h\) in the atmospheric layers at a place and time is called its temperature lapse rate or simply lapse rate, which is denoted by \(\lambda\). The lapse rate is considered positive if the temperature decreases with height, and vice versa.

\[ \begin{equation} \lambda = - \frac{\mathrm{d}T}{\mathrm{d}h} \label{eq:Lapse:Rate} \end{equation} \]